International Journal of Neonatal Care and Pediatric Nursing

A Rare Low-Grade Glioma with Stevens Jonson’s Syndrome - Case Report

2023-07-31T11:13:35+0530

Introduction: The brain has a complicated structure within the body, but the CNS develops during growth and development in three stages: cytogenesis, histogenesis, and organogenesis, which determine the CNS's final makeup and shape. Organogenesis occurs in children when neural and extra-neural tissues mingle, causing a growing lesion inside the skull. Nearly 20% of the second-most prevalent group of paediatric neoplasms after leukaemia either a benign or malignant primary brain tumour may exist. The majority of infratentorial and close-to-midline brain tumours result in hydrocephalus. Astrocytomas, ependymomas, craniopharyngiomas, and malignant gliomas are the most prevalent supratentorial tumours. Additionally, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens Johnson's syndrome (SJS) are now thought to be variations of the same hypertension illness. These conditions affect 1 to 3 million children each year. The degree of epidermal detachment determines the classification; a transitional SJS with less than 10% and 30% epidermal detachment is most frequently confused with Kawasaki illnesses. Case presentation: 9-year-old male child came with complaints of ataxic gait in the past 7 days and vomiting in the past 20 days. As narrated by the father patient was well 7 days back then the patient had difficulty walking due to an ataxic gait, the patient fell on the ground and had a head injury and had no vomiting, fever, loss of consciousness, and no altered sensorium. The patient had 4 episodes of vomiting yesterday and 2 episodes today morning, non-bilious, non-projectile, and containing sputum, patient had a headache that was progressive, intermittent no blurring of vision, not fever but vomiting. The patient then came for further management. Conclusion: The second most prevalent type of paediatric neoplasm after leukaemia, organogenesis in the kid occurs when neural and extra neural tissue combines to form a growing lesion inside the skull either a benign or malignant primary brain tumour may exist. The majority of infratentorial and close-to-midline brain tumours result in hydrocephalus. Additionally, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens Johnson's syndrome (SJS) are now thought to be variations of the same hypertension illness. With the development of newer diagnostic methods like MRI, CT, SPECT, PET, and newer electroencephalography techniques as well as evoked potential, it is now possible to accurately diagnose and delineate a variety of neurological alignments. The incidence of these conditions ranges from 1 to 3 million per child lower the risk of morbidity.

Challenges of Using Assistive Technology in Inclusive Education Tanzania: Case of Students with Impairments at Iyunga Secondary

2023-08-01T09:56:10+0530

This paper reports on the findings of an investigation into the challenges of using Assistive Technology (AT) in inclusive education in Tanzania, a case of students with visual and hearing impairments. The objectives of the study were to investigate the challenges faced by the use of assistive technology in selected secondary and to explore the adaptation strategies for proper utilization of assistive technology in selected secondary schools in Tanzania. The study used a convenience case study design. The study involved 23 respondents: 15 visual and hearingimpaired students, 5 specialist teachers, 1 Headmaster, 1 Regional Education Officer (REO), and 1 District Education Officer (DEO). The findings of the study revealed that there few AT devices were available but most of them were outdated. In addition, the study revealed several challenges related to the use of ATs devices such as inadequate and deficiencies in some of the AT devices, shortages of staff with knowledge and skills to do maintenance, high cost of ATs devices, and lack of ATs training opportunities among staff. The study recommends that enough budgets should be allocated for purchasing more ATs and more ATs trainers and internal experts for maintenance and repair of the AT should be employed to ensure constant availability of fully functional AT devices for impaired students.

The Influence of Child Labour on Self-Esteem among Primary School Children-A Case of Kiwira Market Area in Rungwe District, Tanzania

2023-09-15T17:01:21+0530

The study examined the influence of child labour on self-esteem development among primary school children in the Kiwira market area, in Rungwe District, Tanzania. The specific objectives were to; find out the nature of activities primary school children engaged in and to assess the effects on self-esteem. The study used a qualitative approach and analytical descriptive survey design. The sample comprised 170 respondents of which; 100 primary school pupils who engaged in child labour and 40 non-child labour children, 5 primary school teachers and 25 parents. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires while qualitative data were collected through interviews and observation. The results revealed that child labour activities that were being done by primary school children were tough, heavier than their age, exploitative and energy-consuming. The problems they experienced while working included tiredness, physical and psychological pain, eating little or no food, and missing school; hence they developed low levels of self-esteem. Children involved in child labour had low self-esteem. It was concluded that child labour influenced self-esteem development negatively among primary school children. Child labour interrupted the normal development of children’s self-esteem, a phenomenon which made them less competent in social and academic skills, and the situation which makes them feel that they are not valuable persons. It was recommended that parents/guardians and Kiwira ward social workers, in co-operation with primary school teachers, should work together to address the problems that force children to engage in child labour activities. The local government leaders of the area should educate parents on the effects of child labour on their children and what they are expected to do to stop it. Teachers should counsel children on the importance of education for children who seem to be involved in child labour in one way or another. This will help children to deliberately stop engaging in working and instead engage fully in school matters for their future benefits, family and society at large.

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program Regarding Neonatal Care among Postnatal Mothers at Koheda Rural Community, Hyderabad Rural, Telangana State

2023-10-09T17:51:00+0530

“Effectiveness of structured-teaching program on knowledge regarding neonatal care among postnatal mothers at Koheda rural community, Hyderabad, TS. The objectives of the study: -To assess the knowledge on neonatal care among postnatal mothers by pre test. -To develop and administer a structured teaching program on neonatal care among postnatal mothers. -To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programs on knowledge related neonatal care among postnatal mothers by post test. -To determine the association between pre test and post test knowledge scores with selected demographic variables. The researchers' approach adopted for the study was an evaluative approach and the research design adopted was a pre-experimental “ one group pre-test and post-test” design, in this study independent variable is a structured teaching program on neonatal care and knowledge level of postnatal mothers as dependent variable. In the pre-test, most of the mothers (73.33%) scored average and 26.67% of mothers who obtained below-average and above-average knowledge levels in the pre-test were found to be nil. In the post-test, the knowledge scores improved significantly after the structured teaching program 96.7% of mothers obtained above-average scores whereas 3.33% of mothers obtained average scores and none of the mothers scored below-average scores. The findings show that the knowledge of postnatal mothers was improved with a structured teaching program.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Antenatal Care among Rural Women in Bangladesh

2023-10-18T16:49:38+0530

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is tremendously important for detecting and treating complications that could jeopardize the lives of women and their fetuses. Objective: to examine the relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice towards antenatal care among rural women in Bangladesh. Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted at Upzilla Health Complex (UHC) in Bangladesh among 102 pregnant women, selected by convenience sampling technique. Data were collected by structured questionnaire and it was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The result indicates that 73% of participants had correct answers in total knowledge regarding ANC, 72% had a positive attitude and 63.6% of them had practice towards overall antenatal care. Some sociodemographic characteristics including education (F =13.982, p =.000) were significantly associated with knowledge; transport (t = 2.791, p =.006) and past obstetrical history of complication (F = 4.302, p = .016) was significantly associated with attitude; monthly income (r = .287, p = .003) was significantly associated with practice. The study also revealed that a statistically highly significant correlation between knowledge and attitude (r = .255, p = .010), knowledge and practice (r = .561, p = .000), as well as attitude and practice (r = .403, p = .000). Conclusion: The study concluded that almost half of the participants had good knowledge, more than two-thirds had a positive attitude and nearly eighteen percent to more than one-third of participants had good to moderate practice, however less than half of them had poor practice. More education and counselling sessions focused on ANC which relies on evidence-based interventions provided to women during ANC visits by skilled nurses and midwives.