Menstrual Disorder and Its Approaches: A Review

Abstract

Menstruation is a normal physiological function in female reproductive development. It is otherwise known as periods/ menses. It is the monthly cycle of blood flow from the uterus through the cervix and out through the vagina. The menstrual cycles start after attaining menarche during adolescence and it lasts for 4 to 7 days, it is 28 days cycle every month. It occurs due to Stress factors, Obesity, Improper ducting, Travel illness, Use of contraceptive methods, Uterine polyps and fibroid uterus, Endometriosis Pelvic inflammatory disease, Polycystic ovarian disease, Premature ovarian insufficiency. The clinical feature of the disorder is Painful abdominal cramping during menstruation, Abnormal uterine bleeding, Jitters, annoyance, despondency and anxiety, Hyperbolized/ feeling full, Spotting, Headaches, Breast tenderness, Confusion, Poor concentration, Emotional distress, Constipations, Longer/ shorter menses cycle. Diagnostic evaluations are History collection, Blood test, PAP smear, Ultrasonography, MRI, Laparoscopy Hysteroscopy Biopsy Dilution, and Horting (D&C). Treatment for menstrual abnormalities often differs based on the types of irregularity and also with certain factors, such as a woman planning to get pregnant. Menstrual dysfunction is exceeding common during the first few years of menarche, irregularities between periods are normal. Various treatments are also available and is applicable during adolescent periods.