Integration of Energy Harvesting in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

The growing number of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) being used for a variety of purposes, such as industrial automation and environmental monitoring, emphasises how important it is to find sustainable and independent power sources. To overcome the power limitations of battery-powered sensor nodes, this research investigates the integration of energy harvesting technologies into wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Through the utilisation of ambient energy sources like sunlight, vibration, and temperature gradients, this study explores the possibility of developing self-powered sensor networks that can function independently for prolonged periods. The paper explores how energy harvesting modules might be designed and implemented to meet the specific needs of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The effectiveness, scalability, and environmental adaptability of several energy harvesting technologies—such as thermoelectric generators, piezoelectric transducers, and solar photovoltaics-are examined. Additionally, to maximise energy efficiency and prolong system lifetime, the research looks into the creation of intelligent power management algorithms that dynamically balance energy supply and demand throughout the sensor network. By lessening the environmental impact of battery disposal, the inclusion of energy harvesting in WSNs not only improves sustainability but also extends the lifespan and dependability of sensor installations. Energy harvesting in WSNs is shown to have practical concerns, obstacles, and case studies to offer insights into its real-world applicability. The results of this study are intended to direct future research in this area, supporting the advancement of energy-autonomous wireless sensor networks for a variety of Internet of Things applications.