Journal of Digital Integrated Circuits in Electrical Devices

Hardware Trojan Identification and Avoidance in Digital Integrated Circuits

2024-01-03T16:24:02+0530

Digital integrated circuits (ICs) are becoming more complicated, and their manufacture has become more globalised. This has made ICs vulnerable to security risks, especially from hardware Trojans, which are malicious insertions. This work addresses the growing problems related to compromised chip integrity by exploring the crucial problem of hardware Trojan identification and prevention within digital integrated circuits. The first section of the study examines the many kinds of hardware Trojans, their possible effects on system security, and the difficulties in identifying them in the IC design and manufacturing stages. Subsequently, it provides a comprehensive examination of current detection methodologies, encompassing both static and dynamic approaches, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, the research investigates emerging technologies such as physically unclonable functions (PUFs) and their role in enhancing Trojan detection capabilities. In the prevention aspect, the study introduces novel countermeasures to fortify digital ICs against Trojan insertions, considering both design and post-fabrication strategies. These countermeasures encompass obfuscation techniques, trust-based design principles, and secure design-for-testability methodologies. Furthermore, the research explores the integration of hardware Trojan detection and prevention mechanisms within a holistic security framework for digital ICs. Comprehensive simulations and experiments are used to assess the efficacy of the suggested approaches, taking into account a variety of hardware Trojan situations and attack pathways. The results offer a thorough grasp of the practical consequences of the suggested detection and prevention strategies for safeguarding digital integrated circuits against hardware Trojans, as well as insightful information about how resilient and reliable they are in real-world implementations. This study adds to the continuous endeavours to strengthen digital ICs' credibility in a time of growing cybersecurity risks.

Paper Vending Machine Using Digital Payment Method

2024-01-01T11:29:36+0530

The emergence of digital payment methods has transformed conventional transactions and expanded their use across various industries. To simplify the paper-obtaining process, this paper presents an innovative Paper Vending Machine (PVM) that makes use of digital payment technologies. The PVM is an advanced gadget housed in a safe cabinet that includes an easy-to-use interface, a smooth payment system, and a productive paper dispenser. Users approach the machine and use the user-friendly interface to choose the type and quantity of paper they want. The relevant price is dynamically calculated by the machine and displayed for user confirmation. The PVM interfaces with widely used payment apps to enable a quick and safe transaction. Through these apps, users start the payment process, guaranteeing a smooth and cashless transaction experience. When the payment is successfully verified, the PVM turns on its paper dispenser and gives the user the chosen paper right away. Concurrently, an integrated inventory management system keeps a close eye on how much paper is in the machine and provides up-to-date information for restocking. This keeps the PVM stocked all the time, reducing downtime and improving user satisfaction. This innovative system meets the changing demands of a digitalized society by bringing convenience and efficiency together. The PVM not only makes paper procurement easier, but it also shows how digital payment solutions can be incorporated into regular transactions to break down traditional barriers and promote an automated, frictionless future.

PV Power Control for DC Microgrid Energy Storage Utilisation

2023-12-15T11:06:49+0530

Distributed generators (DGs), DC loads, and energy storage system (ESS) machines can all be integrated more easily with the help of a direct current (DC) microgrid. In recent decades, direct-current (DC) microgrids received attention from all over the world because of their easy control and high system efficiency. Voltage control is crucial in self-sufficient energy systems to address the impending challenges of integrating renewable energy into DC microgrids. As such, solar panels and Energy Storage-Systems (ESSs) are frequently used to maintain voltage stability and suppress power fluctuations. In the event of a power outage or serious issues with energy quality, users can obtain energy from solar panels and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). The test results of various microgrid load configurations during the interruption were provided. In the event of a power outage, the charging controller manages the connection. To accomplish precise power-sharing and acceptable DC bus voltage control, a centralized method is presented. The integration of energy storage systems with solar PV systems helps to reduce the risk of overloading the grid, as the energy storage systems can be utilised to store excess energy when needed.

Improving Very Large Scale Integration Physical Domain Design

2024-01-03T16:15:11+0530

Subdividing a large electronic system into more manageable pieces is an essential first step in the planning process. Each subsystem is created independently and concurrently to shorten the design cycle. To simplify a complex system, its components are divided up via a partitioning technique. A crucial step in the physical construction of the circuit is partitioning. To build complex digital logic circuits, it is sometimes necessary to partition multi-million transistor circuits into manageable pieces. Thus, partitioning is both an algorithmic strategy for addressing difficult and complex combinatorial optimization problems (e.g., in logic or layout synthesis) and a design challenge for breaking down bigger systems into smaller sub-systems that include interconnected components. Specific goals, either to be achieved independently or cumulatively, inform the creation of partitioning. In this dissertation, we want to decrease the Mincut between the partitions, decrease the inter-partition latency, optimize the sleep duration of the partitions to minimize power consumption, and determine the various temporal complexity of the suggested methods. We also pursue these four aims.

Fuzzy Power, Converter for Plastic Bottle Sorting System Based on Weight

2023-12-27T15:34:51+0530

Presently, intelligent robot technology has pervaded various realms of human activities and productivity. The future trajectory of development necessitates a shift toward employing intelligent robots for automatic sorting, replacing human involvement. Within the domain of sorting robots, those dedicated to bottle sorting hold significant research importance. This paper focuses on a complex machine vision (MV) sorting application involving plastic bottle identification. The inherent challenge lies in the difficulty of distinguishing between bottle types due to the absence of distinct features and the variability within each type. Although existing literature documents bottle recognition algorithms, they are primarily evaluated offline using bottle weight. This paper evaluates an MV-based system designed for online recognition and enumeration of plastic bottles as they traverse a conveyor belt. The study assesses the accuracy and efficacy of three weight-based techniques. Ultimately, none of these techniques yielded satisfactory outcomes, failing to achieve the targeted 95% accuracy for 1000 bottles.