A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of STP on Knowledge and Practice of Diabetic Diet among Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

In India, there are nearly 35 million diabetic patients and the number would go unto 80 million by 2030. If unchecked the diabetes can cause disease related to kidney, heart and nerve system at later stage. Education and training of patients and their families are the foundations of good diabetic diet therapy. People can lead active life. Diet in diabetes mellitus plays a vital role as it aims at preventing wide fluctuation in the blood glucose during the feeding times and when on fasting. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder. A well managed diabetic has a good life expectancy. Neglect of any condition or symptoms may produce irreparable damage to the body. Throughout the world, more people are living less active lives in towns and cities. Statement of the Problem: A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and practice of diabetic diet among patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus at District government hospital, Tumkur. Objectives of the Study: 1. To assess the knowledge on diabetic diet among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. 2. To assess the practice of diabetic diet among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on Type- 2 diabetes mellitus. 4. To find the association between the knowledge and practice of diabetic mellitus among patients with diabetes mellitus before and after implementation of structured teaching programme. 5. 5. To find the association between knowledge and practice of diabetic diet among patients with selected demographic variable such as age, sex, education, occupation, income dietary pattern, religion, marital status, type of family and place of residence. Method: The research approach adopted for the study evaluative approach which was considered an appropriate research approach for the present study. The research design selected for the present study was quasi experimental one group pre test and post test design. The subjects selected for the study were patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. The sample consisted of 60 type-2 diabetes mellitus patients in medical wards & patients who are attending the outpatient department of Government District Hospital Tumkur. The study participants were selected by purposive sampling technique. Results: The major findings of the study were that during pre test type-2 diabetic had mean knowledge score 36.4 percent regarding diabetic diet which increased to 68.5 percent i.e. Enhancement in the knowledge was 33.37. During pre test type-2, diabetic patients had mean practice score 40.10 percent on diabetic diet which increased to 67.15 percent i.e. Enhancement of the practice was 27.05. The knowledge enhancement was more inimportance of diet 34.50 percent followed by general information 33.375 percent and dietary management 29.72 percent. The results of application of student’s ‘t’ test (two tail test) to pre test and post test area wise knowledge scores. The computed ‘t’ values (21.977, 20.646 and 21.144 ) between the means of pretest and posttest is more than the critical ‘t’ value obtained from ‘t’ value tables at a level of significance of 5%. The calculated value for variables like age, education status and marital status was found more than table value. Hence, it is concluded that there was association between pre-test knowledge score and the selected socio-demographic variables like age, education status and marital status. The calculated value for variables like gender was found more than table value .Hence it is concluded that there was association between pre-test practice score and gender. Interpretation and Conclusion: The findings of the study support the need for conducting education programs on diabetic diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Subjects had inadequate knowledge and practice of diabetic diet before the administration of STP. Their knowledge improved to a remarkable extent after the utilization of STP. The findings of the study show that STP was effective in terms of gaining knowledge and practice of diabetic diet among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.