A Distributed Clustering Based Energy Management Scheme for Heterogenous Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging paradigm that offers a wide array of benefits for real-world applications. An IoT system is supported by a network of heterogeneous sensor nodes that collect information about the environment over time.  The non-rechargeable batteries and energy constraints limit the network's lifespan. For this reason, controlling energy dissipation is one of the most important considerations when designing communication protocols for sensor networks. The clustering scheme is one of the most efficient ways to help networks be more energy-efficient. However, the majorities of existing protocols do not handle energy distribution among heterogeneous sensor nodes well and are inappropriate. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize cluster head selection criteria and to propose an energy management clustering mechanism that takes heterogeneity into account. A dense deployment of heterogeneous multi-level nodes is considered in the proposed scheme to improve the nodes' stability and power efficiency. The threshold probability for selecting optimal CH nodes is determined by an energy-balanced weighted parameter. The proposed scheme is implemented on a numerical computing tool MatLab. In terms of alive nodes, dead nodes, packets sent to the base station, and processing time, the simulation provides efficient results. When compared to similar existing approaches, the proposed scheme was more successful in terms of network lifetime, stability, delay, and packet delivery.