Adaptive Slotted ALOHA based P-Persistent CSMA MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Restricted energy sources for wireless sensor networks have resulted in a number of energy-efficient MAC protocols being proposed and improved. These proposed protocols tried to reduce the energy dissipation and to prolong the network lifetime. An adaptive slotted ALOHA based p-persistent CSMA MAC protocol has been proposed in this paper. The proposed protocol addresses the vulnerabilities of both the slotted ALOHA and the p-persistent CSMA protocols, such as the high possibility of collision, force the stations to transmit at the start of the slot, fixed slot length, and continuous sensing in the P-persistent CSMA MAC protocol. The proposed protocol aims to reduce collision potential, reduce sensing, minimize energy expenditure, and maximize network lifetime. MATLAB simulation has been used for the evaluation of the protocol's performance and effectiveness. The simulation results displayed that the improvement rate for the proposed adaptive slotted ALOHA based p-persistent CSMA MAC protocol was 95%, 95%, 96.88%, 99.82%, and 99.77% compared to pure ALOHA, slotted ALOHA, p-persistent CSMA, S-MAC, and T-MAC protocols respectively in terms of number of alive nodes and energy consumption. As a result, the proposed protocol has dramatically enhanced the network of wireless sensors in terms of minimizing energy consumption and extending the life of the network.