Empirical Analysis of Global System for Mobile Communication Signal Loss in Buildings

Abstract

Many GSM Network subscribers, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria, have complained of poor GSM services right inside their houses. This has made some subscribers to move from one side of the room to the other to have good quality of service. Often the blame is heaped on network providers. This research work looked at GSM signal loss in selected buildings. The aim was to ascertain how some buildings affect signal penetration inside the building; to measure GSM signal path loss within the building area; and to compare such measured path loss with ITU, Cost 231, and free space path loss models. This comparison would help any person carrying out research in such areas to know the appropriate path loss model to rely upon Radio Frequency Signal Tracker (RFST) installed on a tablet was used for taking measurement inside and outside of the four different buildings. Analysis of the measured data revealed that sandcrete building with rough plastered wall (SBRPW) accounted for more signal loss than the other buildings while bricks wall with PVC ceiling had loss signal strength loss. It was also found that the ITU propagation model was close to calculated path loss, and hence is more suitable to be used in the study areas (Ibaa, Rumuohia, Ozuoba and Rumuokwachi) than Cost 231s.