Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol Based on Cross-Layer for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are typically battery-powered, these lead to a big challenge in WSNs. The limited-energy resource needs to use a limited power carefully away.  One of the most efficient uses of power is cross-layer design. Cross-layer takes into account working within two layers or more and makes the interaction between the layers minimize the overall energy dissipation in the network. In this paper, Network and Medium Access Control (MAC) cross-layer are proposed using Multi-Hop Uniform Clustering Routing (MHUCR) and Dynamic-Time Division Multiple Access/Frequency Division Multiple Access (D-TDMA/FDMA). The main aims of the cross-layers proposed are to achieve energy-efficient, overcome the problem of nodes that are near to the base station (BS), make the balance of traffic load on all cluster heads (CHs) in the network, and eliminate the idle stat of all sensor nodes. Several scenarios have been constructed to evaluate the performances of the proposed cross-layer using the MATLAB program. The simulation results show that the cross-layer proposed increases the network lifetime and saves energy.