Energy Efficiency for 5G Networks with MIMO System

Abstract

As the global telecommunications industry advances towards the deployment of 5G networks, the imperative of energy efficiency becomes paramount for sustainable and economical operation. This paper delves into the pivotal role of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology as a key enabler for 5G networks. MIMO, characterized by an abundance of antennas at base stations, holds the promise of substantial gains in both spectral and energy efficiency compared to current LTE networks. The focus of this paper is to review and elucidate techniques aimed at further enhancing the energy efficiency gains provided by MIMO systems. The discussion encompasses an overview of MIMO technology, emphasizing the necessity for realistic power consumption models tailored to these systems. Additionally, the paper critically evaluates existing energy efficiency maximization techniques for MIMO systems, identifying current limitations in the state of the art approaches. Furthermore, the exploration extends to the realm of "hybrid" MIMO systems, investigating their collaboration with other emerging 5G technologies such as millimetre wave and heterogeneous networks. While the coexistence of these technologies presents new opportunities for energy efficiency, it also introduces intricate design constraints. A thorough analysis of the current state of the art energy efficiency maximization for hybrid MIMO systems reveals critical research gaps, the addressing of which holds immense potential for aiding network operators in planning and deploying energy efficient 5G networks. This paper contributes to the discourse on sustainable 5G evolution, offering insights into the challenges and opportunities in achieving enhanced energy efficiency through the strategic integration of MIMO technology.