Some Glimpses of Mathematical Evolution in Ancient Time during Sumerian, Egyptian and Greek Period

Abstract

Sumerians used sexagesimal system having base 60 with positional value. Also, the concept of Operations Multiplication, Reciprocity, were known to Sumerians. Babylonians later on advanced these ideas. The mentionable special contribution of them was the concept of 360° at the centre of circle by a rotating radius. In Egypt, the writing system was in “Hieroglyphics”. They used 10 base system in counting. They further worked on solving linear and quadratic equations taking ideas from Sumerian civilization. The contribution of Egyptians was immense. It can be mentioned that Egyptians gave the pioneer idea of repeated doubling process in multiplication which are in use in modern computers in Algorithmic. The wonders in constructing the great Pyramids is still unparallel to be consumed. In Greek mathematics, the most outstanding stalwarts were Thales and God of Mathematics Pythagoras. The various fundamental contributions in their names made them immortal in the history of mathematics. The theorems in the name of Thales known as Thales theorem and another known as intercept theorem are proofs of unparallel calibre. The most outstanding contribution of Pythagoras is Pythagoras’ Theorem.