Pharmacological Perspectives of Royal Jelly: An Insight Review

Abstract

The hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of nursing bees secrete a fluid that is known as royal jelly (RJ). This fluid is acidic and has a yellowish-white appearance. This fluid is given to developing worker larvae during the first three days of the life of the queen bee and continues to be given to growing worker larvae for the remainder of the queen bee's life after that. RJ is a prized and revered natural material that has been utilised for centuries in alternative medicine, nutritional supplements, and beauty products all around the globe. As the most studied bee product, researchers have been able to learn more about its bioactivities, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antiaging, immunomodulatory, and general tonic action, in clinical trials in microbiological organisms, farm animals, and laboratory animals. It is often used in the treatment of many diseases and conditions, including diabetes mellitus, CVD, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, etc. The review focuses on the primary bioactive constituents of RJ, including peptides, fatty acids, phenolics, proteins, etc., to gain a thorough knowledge of biology, biochemistry, and therapeutics for the benefit of life and promoting people's health.