Identification of Secondary Metabolic Compounds and Potential Involvement of Batik (Graptophyllum Pictum (L) Griff) Leaf Fraction on Bacteria Growth in Vitro

Abstract

Batik leaf (Graptophyllum pictum (L) Griff) is one of the medicinal plants of the Graptophyllum genus. It is traditionally used by the community to treat diarrhea, lungs, and anemia, especially by the Papua community. The increases of various types of diseases influence the use of drugs from natural ingredients. One of which is infectious diseases caused by bacteria. Based on the test results, the Batik leaf (Graptophyllum pictum (L) Griff) extract was possibly becoming antibacterial. This study aims to determine the secondary metabolite compounds in extract and fraction of Batik leaf (Graptophyllum pictum (L) Griff.) and to obtain the most effective concentration in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi bacteria. The results of phytochemical screening in extract and fraction of batik leaf (Graptophyllum pictum (L) Griff.) showed that it contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and triterpenes compounds. In the research, it mentioned that the compounds could perform as antibacterial. The method of antibacterial testing used was the disc diffusion method. It used a completely randomized design with 5 (five) treatments, namely concentrations of 30%, 70%, 100%, ciprofloxacin (positive control), sterile distilled water (negative control) with 3 (three) repetitions, followed by the Tukey test (BNJ). The antibacterial test results of the batik leaf (Graptophyllum pictum (L) Griff.) fraction showed that it was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi bacteria at concentrations of 30%, 70%, and 100%. The results of the BNJ test showed that there was a significant difference in each concentration. Thus, the most effective concentration for inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi bacteria was 30% which was the lowest concentration that was able to give antibacterial activity.