Deep Insights into Anti-Filarial Chalcone Compounds

Abstract

Lymphatic filariasis, often termed elephantiasis disease has affected over 140 million people across the world. It spreads primarily through three pathogenic species Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori via vector species Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles species, Aedes egyptii, and Mansonia annulifera / Mansonia uniformis. The disease is quite common in tropical regions with larger dominance in the continent of Asia, Africa, and South America. Pharmacotherapeutics through natural products may believe to offer better potency and reduced adverse effects. This chapter comprehensively highlighted vast chalcone (prop-2-ene-1-one) derivatives which modulated various anti-filarial molecular targets such as Setaria cervi glutathione-S-transferase, Brugia malayi thymidylate kinase, and Setaria cervi ecto-protein tyrosine phosphatase. The simple C₆-C₃-C₆ system has been seen to significantly eradicate the based infections. The heterocycles (piperidine, pyrrolidine, benzotriazole, benzothiazole, furan, thiazole), electron-donating groups, electron-withdrawing groups, and sulfonamide moiety fused with the benzylideneacetophenone scaffold have been predominantly observed to inhibit the essential biological targets and thereby causing fatal paralysis to the virulent pathogens with no such adverse effects to the human body. At present, these molecules are at nascent stages and require further studies for the rational development of pharmaceutical products.