Smart Agriculture: Components, Processes, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Smart Agriculture refers to the use of modern-day technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Wireless Networks etc. in agricultural practices to enhance productivity, quality, and overall efficiency. It is considered the future of agriculture as many developed countries like the USA, Israel, Japan etc. have adapted to these technologies accordingly. However, developing countries like Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan etc. are facing difficulties in implementing Smart Agricultural practices, mainly because of geographical, technological, and economic constraints. In this paper, various aspects of Smart Agriculture, its components, application areas, challenges, current technologies (such as Smart Monitoring, Smart Water Management, Disease Management etc.), case studies, and future directions are discussed based on surveys and online research. It aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of different aspects of Smart Agriculture and highlight some future insights into it.