Composting of Cotton Waste balances Nitrate in Soil & Water

Abstract

In India agriculture is the main source income of farmers. Chemical fertilizer containing
Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P) and Potassium (K) are the main contaminants for green
revolution. In Motala area farmers are using excess quantity of Nitrogenous fertilizers day by
day. Due to this excess use it is observed that nitrate contaminant found in soil and
groundwater is high as their limits. Also serious health problems are created by drinking
water. For that detailed survey of wells was carried out in Motala region .The balance will be
done by composting of Cotton Waste in place of Nitrogenous fertilizers. So farmers are used
average quantity of Nitrogenous Fertilizers for their yield. Also in India the use of
Nitrogenous fertilizers used increased day by day. So you will be seen imbalance in Nitrate
present in soil and water.BIS has recommended standard for drinking water the maximum
desirable limit of Nitrate concentration in 10.16 mg/l as nitrate N (45mg/l as Nitrate
NO3).The Nitrite contaminant found in soil and groundwater is the main reason for this
degradation and is mostly spreaded nitrate content due to high use of Nitrogenous fertilizer.
But Nitrate is very essential nutrient for the growth of plant. Generally Nitrate comes from
various sources like plants, organic matter, etc. that returns nitrate from the composting.
Excess nitrate in soil is not used by plants and this extra nitrate discharges to the
environment i.e. in soil and groundwater. But in actual practice nitrate is very essential but
by excess use of Nitrogenous Fertilizers it is seen that it creates an environmental pollution in
soil and groundwater. Motala region, Buldhna District is located in the northern part of
Maharashtra State. Physiographically the study area is divided into plane area and
Nalganga valley. The plane area consists of hard & massive basaltic rocks and Nalganga
valley is a rift valley having in situ salinity. So it is necessary to study the nitrate
contaminants found in groundwater and soil. In India peoples are dependants on it for
drinking and irrigation purpose. So for analyze we take 15 samples from different wells
randomly for statistical techniques from different farmers. These farmers are used excess
quantity of Nitrogenous Fertilizers for their crops for higher yield.