Review of Solar Water Heater Performance Using Different Materials in Water: Coal, Nano Particles, and Black Carbon

Abstract

Solar water heaters are an environmentally friendly and cost-effective solution for meeting the growing demand for hot water. Various studies have explored the incorporation of different materials in water to enhance the performance of solar water heaters. This review paper aims to summarize the research conducted on the utilization of coal, nanoparticles, and black carbon as additives in water for solar water heaters.

In recent years, coal has gained attention as a potential heat-absorbing material due to its high thermal conductivity. Several investigations have explored the incorporation of coal particles into the water in solar collectors. The results indicate that coal particles can effectively absorb and transfer solar energy to water, leading to improved heating efficiency.

Nanoparticles have also shown promise in enhancing the performance of solar water heaters. Researchers have studied the utilization of various nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and metal oxide nanoparticles, in water. These nanomaterials exhibit excellent light-absorbing and heat-transfer properties, resulting in enhanced heating efficiency and faster water heating rates.

Furthermore, black carbon materials have been investigated for their potential in solar water heating applications. Black carbon, derived from biomass or fossil fuels, possesses excellent solar absorption characteristics. Incorporating black carbon particles into water has shown significant improvements in solar energy absorption and heat transfer, leading to efficient water heating.