Journal of Water Resources and Pollution Studies (e-ISSN: 2581-5326)

Effectiveness of Rain Water Harvesting for change of trends in Aquifer behaviour

2024-08-29T14:59:28+0530

Rain water harvesting (RWH) and Artificial recharge techniques are low cost solutions to
water crisis. In cities, due to increasing urbanization, rain water can be harvested and
recharged to the ground water artificially. This paper presents a study of effectiveness of
RWH in terms of change of trends in aquifer behaviour. Chennai, formally Madras, City,
capital of Tamil Nadu State is selected as the study area since major RWH structures has
taken constructed during 2001-2003 because of Government legislation. Preliminary
analyses of rainfall and groundwater levels were carried with respect to space and time to
understand the trends. Water table contours were drawn using the Arc GIS.9.2 software.
“Groundwater Estimation Committee (GEC)” rules of Government of India were used for
estimation the change in storage during pre and post RWH periods, which are found to be
1.76 Mm3 & 32.77 Mm3 respectively. It is concluded that the implementation of RWH has
improved the groundwater storage though the rainfall in the study area is decreased and the
extraction is increased due to raise in population.

Stability Analysis of an Earthen Embankment Dam with Internal Clay Core

2024-08-29T14:49:52+0530

This study aims at evaluating the effect of the material properties of dam, saturation
conditions and seismic loads on the stability of earthen embankment dam with internal clay
core by using Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM). The cross-section of two dimensional
geometric model of the earthen embankment dam with internal clay core is incorporated in
GEO5, a tool for analyzing the LEM based slope stability problems. The factor of safety of
earthen embankment dam with internal clay core is calculated by using Bishop, Spencer,
Fellenius, Janbu and Morgenstern-Price methods. From the analysis, it is observed that the
property of clay used in the internal core of an earthen embankment dam is very important to
stabilize a slope. Internal clay core imparts greater safety to the dam slope at dry condition
than at saturated condition. If the clay of higher cohesion is used in internal core, it imparts
the stability of slope rather than compromising its stability. It is also depicted that the
application of seismic load at fully saturated condition is the most vulnerable condition for
the stability of earthen embankment dam with internal clay core.

Physicochemical Analysis of Tap Water in Tepi town, Southwest Ethiopia

2024-08-29T15:04:27+0530

Physicochemical analysis of tap water was carried out in Tepi town southwest Ethiopia. After
digestion with microwave acid digestion, some selected metals (Mg, Ca, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cd
&Pb) were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and some selected
common anions were determined as follows, Ortho phosphorous (PO4
-3) by APHA4500-
PC.Vanadomolybdphosphoric method, Chloride (Cl-) by APHA4500-Cl-B. Argentometric
method, Carbonate (CO3
-2) by APHA 2330B. Titration, Nitrate (NO3
-) and ammonia (NH3) by
WTD photometer method (WAG PHOT-24). The mean temperature of all water samples were
ranged between 24.50 + 0.38 OC to 27.50 + 0.60 OC, which was found above the European
Commission (EC) standards (12- 25°C) set for waters used for drinking purpose. The pH of
water samples were lied from 6.62+0.06 to 7.89+0.10. This was within the prescribed
recommended limits of WHO guideline. The Conductivity (EC) values of all water samples
were ranged between 87.8+0.47- 313.5+0.6 μs/100ml. When compared to WHO standard,
the analyzed results were within the maximum admissible limit that allow to consume water
with EC up to 250 μS/cm. The total hardness value of all water samples were found above the
recommended value, which ranged from 685+1.76 mg/L to 792+1.84 mg/L. These selected
major, minor-essential metals were present in the water samples. From the toxic metals Pb
was not detected in all water samples but Cd was detected in distribution points (reservoirs)
but not on the distribution systems (households) of the study area. The concentration of Mg
(246.8 + 0.002 ppm) was higher followed by Ca (8.581+ 0.013ppm) in water samples. The
levels of minor – essential metals in this sample, Fe (6.521 + 0.001 ppm) was higher followed
by Mn (6.41 + 0.001 ppm), Zn (1.354 + 0.009 ppm) and Cu (0.162 + 10-5 ppm) respectively.
Cd was detected in water samples of reservoirs with a maximum concentration (0.045 +
0.005) and the concentration of Pb was below the method detection limit in all the water
samples. According to WHO guidelines the rages of these selected metal ions were on safe
side except Cd. Under this investigation, at p = 0.05, the physicochemical parameters of all
water samples which were taken from different sites were significantly different among the
distribution points distribution systems.

Feasibility Study of Rainwater Harvesting As a Saving Option of Ground water Case Study Area: Mirpur DOHS, Dhaka

2024-08-29T14:54:06+0530

For the work purpose, Mirpur DOHS has been selected as case study area. We collected
rainfall data and community water demand data for the analysis. Our main focus is to save
groundwater and use rainwater from harvesting. After analysis we have got Annual average
rainfall is 6.47 m. Annual rainfall volume is 1310626 m3. Total Annual water demand in the
area from 25 liter/sec extraction in a day is 2365200 m3. Total annual water saving can be
made up to 55%. Monthly % savings have been also shown in the table in the result and
discussions section. Annual Water cost from demand at a rate of 11.02 Tk per 1000 L water
is 26064504 BDT. Net Cost savings from rainfall harvesting is 11621402 BDT which is 44%
of the total water demand cost. Net cost savings will not be achieved fully as there will be
some treatment cost for rainwater. Maximum rainfall over the past 11years in a single day is
448 mm. So, maximum rainfall volume in a single day from per roof is 70 m3. Underground
reservoir capacity in a building at Mirpur DOHS is 32' x 14' x 11' that means 139 m3 in
volume. So, harvesting rainwater can be easily accommodated in the underground reservoir
using a primary treatment option like filtration

Assessment and Control Measures for Jayanti Stream to Control Water Pollution of Panchganga River, Maharashtra, India

2024-08-29T15:09:24+0530

In the upcoming years we might experience scarcity of water; hence it is the need of the hour
to protect the water bodies from getting polluted. Polluted water will not only affect the
human health but will also disturb the ecological balance of the river. More industrialization
and increased population results in everlasting demands which finally gives rise to water
pollution. In this research paper, Panchganga River of Kolhapur City in Maharashtra Stateis
taken as the part of study work. Kolhapur City is blessed to have Panchganga River flowing
within the city. But water quality of Panchganga River is becoming a more cause of concern
than pride for the past 10-15 years. The water in the Panchganga River is polluted due to
direct discharge of many streams, CETP Plants of MIDC industrial hub, chemical fertilizers
used for agriculture and lack of awareness among the people. The polluted water of
Panchganga has given rise to many some dangerous infectious diseases like Diarrhea,
jaundice, gastro and fever etc. in Kolhapur city. As more than half the polluted water comes
from the Jayanti stream to the Panchganga River so an innovative concept is suggested to
deal with the problem of Jayanti stream which will not solve the problem of water pollution
but will also rejuvenate the Jayanti Stream more effectively. A typical portion of the Jayanti
Stream is been considered and a working model of that entire portion of the Jayanti Stream is
been specifically elaborated with its 3D model including the water treatment facilities of the
surrounding houses, waste material trapping devices, new approach towards ground water
treatment, pipeline systems for the evacuation of the treated water from the houses to the
Jayanti Stream. This whole development of the project will improve the water quality
standards and will also continue the development of the ecological cycle for the rest of the
remaining years.