Journal of Instrumentation and Innovation Sciences (e-ISSN: 2456-9860)

Biogas Purification System for Automotive Application

Jitendra Managre, Gaurav Makwana, Alka Karketta, Gyanesh Savita, Kusum Tilkar — Tue, 26 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0530

The primary focus of this work is to investigate and compare the currently available approaches for upgrading biogas. Biogas upgrading entails the removal of CO₂, H₂S, and other potential contaminants from biogas. CO₂ removal raises the content of CH₄, giving the biogas a higher calorific value and allowing injection into the gas grid. Because of its corrosive nature, H₂S must be eliminated. Automation can be used to complete this elimination. In this case, we used PLC.

Five techniques have been investigated. Chemical absorption of H₂S into iron-chelated solutions offers highly efficient removal of H₂S from a gaseous biogas stream. The iron-chelated solutions function as a pseudo catalyst that can be regenerated. The H₂S is removed almost completely and converted to elemental sulphur. After the absorption process, a scrubber is needed to remove the CO₂. When an estimate of the costs for each technique has been made, an objective comparison will be made.

The contents of H₂S and CO₂ are removed by a chemical process and water scrubbing method which is done by a processing tank. Here we use a water scrubbing tank and a chemical process tank. This chemical process is known as glycol washing. The washing agent used in the glycol washing process is a mixture of dimethyl ether and polyethylene glycol. The density of the washing agent varies between different formulations but is around 1 kg/l. This process removes the content of H₂S and CO₂. The whole process is controlled by PLC.

Dual Axis Automatic Sun Tracking System for a Parabolic Solar Concentrator

Anagha Panditrao — Sat, 02 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0530

In India, solar energy is available in abundance and at no cost. The solar concentrators converge sun rays onto a smaller volume. These concentrators are used in many small-scale or domestic applications. A parabolic solar concentrator with an aperture diameter of 1.4 m and a focal length of 0.28 m is considered here. These concentrators need positioning as per the sun's position to maximize the concentration. For adjusting the correct position, an index pin is provided on the rim of the concentrator. The paper presents, an automatic sun-tracking system developed for the mentioned solar concentrator. Two pairs of light-dependent resistors (LDRs) are mounted in the plane normal to the index pin plane at a fixed distance from the pin centre. If two LDRs in a pair are equally illuminated then the difference in the output is zero. The resistance change of LDR is used to drive a motor to position the concentrator. Two high-torque DC motors, geared pulleys and belts are used for positioning the concentrator. Energy concentrated slowly varies as the sun traverses. Hence, position adjustment after about 20 minutes is found sufficient. Therefore, the tracking motors and associated circuitry are activated for 1 minute every 20 min. The power required for this circuit could be derived from a storage battery charged from a solar panel.

Smart Farm Fertilizer and Pesticide Prediction Using IoT

Raaziya Banu, Basavalinga Swamy, Sadhana C — Thu, 28 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0530

This project gives practice about knowledge in the arena of cultivation. The Internet of Things shows us a shared system of events that link others online. Smart agriculture is an important IoT application. Smart agriculture enhances crop output while decreasing water and pesticide waste. Here, is a proposed mechanism to track crop fields. Light sensor for temperature, humidity, and soil moisture. If there is insufficient soil moisture, the irrigation system can be automated by watching these factors. Today, several nations are focusing on and developing automation in agriculture. The need for food is rising in line with the world's population growth rate, which will double in the next decades. The best answer is agro automation, which can handle this quick increase in demand. Farmers' traditional methods are ineffective in meeting the escalating demand. The agricultural development is disrupted by improper nutrient, water, fertilizer, and pesticide use, and the land stays unproductive and desolate. Automation of agricultural practices using advanced control mechanisms has been shown to boost crop output and strengthen soil fertility. The extensive use of technology improves agriculture greatly. Despite its limitations, the Internet of Things is the logical choice for agriculture. Farmers benefit greatly from smart technology integration in agriculture.

PIR Sensor-Based Arduino Home Security System

Sultanabanu Kazi, Kazi Kutubuddin Sayyad Liyakat, Gouse M Kosgiker, V. D. Gund — Fri, 22 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0530

PIR sensor-based Arduino home security system is an advanced security system that uses a combination of PIR sensors and Arduino microcontroller to detect any movement in a designated area and trigger a response accordingly. This system is designed to provide a cost-effective and efficient solution to secure homes and protect them from any potential intruders. The PIR sensor, also known as the motion sensor, is a small electronic device that detects changes in infrared radiation patterns caused by moving objects. When an intruder enters the area monitored by the PIR sensor, it detects the change in the infrared radiation and triggers the Arduino microcontroller to activate the security system. The Arduino microcontroller is the brain of this security system. The PIR sensor-based Arduino home security system is highly customizable and can be tailored to meet the specific needs of a homeowner. It can be programmed to activate different responses depending on the time of the day or the type of movement detected. For instance, it can be set to send a notification to the homeowner’s phone during the day and activate an alarm at night. One of the main advantages of this security system is its low cost. The components used in the system, such as the PIR sensor and Arduino microcontroller, are affordable and easily available. This makes it an ideal option for those looking for a budget-friendly home security solution. Moreover, the PIR sensor-based Arduino home security system is easy to install and does not require any professional assistance. With some basic knowledge of electronics and programming, homeowners can set up the system themselves. This not only saves the cost of installation but also gives homeowners the flexibility to modify the system according to their needs. Apart from its affordability and ease of installation, the PIR sensor-based Arduino home security system is also energy-efficient. The PIR sensor only activates when it detects movement, which helps in conserving energy. This makes it an environmentally friendly option as well.

A Unique Approach to Noise to Electricity Generation

Kotla Anusha, Koppisetti Asrita, Tejaswini Vallabhapurapu, Kowdodi Siva Prasad — Tue, 17 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0530

Noise is an essential form that is available all around us. Noise is a powerful resource that can create a hefty number of changes in the environment. The impacts of noise on the world, including our perceptions of it, are significant. The impact can be either in a positive way or negative. In negative perception, the noise enveloped is getting wasted. Loudspeakers used during political rallies, industrial equipment, generators, and loudspeakers at religious sites, airports, and railroad tracks, are some other sources of noise. It has been proven that prolonged introduction to loud noise has negative effects on human health. So, to reduce the effects of noise pollution on humans, there have been different initiatives taken up. One among those is by generating electric energy as noise can generate vibrations which can help in the movement of particles or keep pressure on the particles. This pressure caused by the vibrations of the noise can be used to generate electrical energy. In this paper, we are looking into another dimension of producing electricity from the noise by a simple experiment using a sub-woofer, vibration sensor and AtMega2560. The basic ideology of generating electricity through noise is by Resonance.