Herbal Alternatives for Managing Depression: Mechanisms and Efficacy

https://doi.org/10.46610/JQAQC.2023.v05i02.003

Abstract

Depressive disorder, commonly known as depression, is a prevalent and often debilitating mental health condition. It is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities. Depression is a leading cause of disability in adults, with treatment options primarily consisting of psychotherapy and pharmaceutical interventions. However, the adverse effects associated with conventional antidepressants can lead to treatment non-adherence in a significant proportion of patients. This paper reviews the symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and standard treatments for depression, including various classes of antidepressant medications and their associated adverse events. It highlights the urgent need for alternative therapies, particularly in cases where conventional treatment proves ineffective. In recent years, herbal medicines have gained attention as potential options for managing depression. This review explores the therapeutic agents used in the treatment of depression, such as curcumin, carvacrol, resveratrol, ferulic acid, and proanthocyanins. These natural compounds have demonstrated promising antidepressant effects in preclinical studies, with mechanisms of action involving the regulation of the HPA axis, modulation of monoamine neurotransmitters, and promotion of neurogenesis and neurotropic factors. The paper discusses the bioavailability and absorption challenges of these herbal compounds and proposes innovative delivery methods to enhance their effectiveness. For instance, buccal delivery has shown promise in increasing the absorption of resveratrol, improving its bioavailability. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the growing body of scientific evidence supporting the use of herbal alternatives in managing depression. These phytochemicals offer potential benefits in addressing depressive symptoms through multiple mechanisms, including neuroprotection and neurogenesis. As research in this field continues to evolve, herbal treatments may provide a valuable adjunct or alternative to traditional therapies for individuals struggling with depression, particularly in cases of treatment resistance or intolerance to standard medications.