Current Perspectives of Thiazolidine-2, 4-Diones as Novel Antioxidant Molecules

Abstract

Researchers have long been intrigued by the potential medical uses of tiny heterocyclic molecules containing sulfur and nitrogen. They are available in a wide number of structural configurations, and research has shown a wide range of therapeutic effects. Many heterocyclic scaffolds, including the thiazolidin-2,4-dione system, have been explored in the search for potent bioactive compounds throughout the drug development process. This moiety consists of a five-membered, saturated thiazolidine ring with sulfur at position 1, nitrogen at position 3, and two carbonyl functional groups at positions 2 and 4. The Thiazolidin-2, 4-dione (TZD) scaffold allows moiety replacement only at positions 3-5. The analogues of TZD offer a wide range of structural varieties and also possess a proven range of diversified therapeutic potentials. Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen and sulfur have attracted attention in synthetic chemistry due to their prevalence in pharmacologically active natural products and as very potent agrochemicals and medicines. Several essential compounds need the thiazolidin-2,4-dione (TZD) moiety to function properly. Due to the availability of replacements at the third and fifth locations, the TZD scaffold is widely used and may be adapted to display a wide range of biological functions. Antioxidant activity of TZD analogues is shown by their ability to quench free radicals before they may cause cell damage. In this review article, we attempt to summarize the literature on TZD derivatives as prospective antioxidant agents from the beginning of 2013 to the end of 2022, including a discussion of their molecular mechanisms to TZD analogs.