Revisiting the Emerging Pharmacological Perspectives of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis

Abstract

A mythical plant known as Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Oleaceae) is highly valued for its therapeutic properties in Ayurveda. Along with being used as a laxative, for rheumatism, skin conditions, and as a sedative, this plant is commonly used as an anti-helminthic and antipyretic. In order to identify therapeutic potential and gaps requiring more study, the current review includes an ethnopharmacological evaluation that focuses on data on the chemical components, pharmacological activities, and toxicity. The most significant use of N. arbor-tristis is in regional and traditional medicines, particularly in India for the treatment of intractable sciatica, arthritis, and intermittent fevers. It has been demonstrated that the plant's crude extracts and isolated components have pharmacological activity against inflammation, malaria, viral infection, leishmaniasis, and as an immunostimulant. Iridoid glucosides, including Arbortristoside A, B, and C from the seeds, are a prominent family of physiologically active substances that have anticancer, anti-leishmania, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, immunomodulatory, and antiviral properties. It has been stated that the leaves' calceolarioside A, 4-hydroxyhexahydrobenzofuran-7one, and β-sitosterol are each effective against leishmaniasis, cancer, and inflammation, respectively. The majority of the time, in-vitro or occasionally in-vivo models offer some evidence, particularly when it comes to the treatment of inflammatory illnesses like arthritis, fevers associated with malaria, and protozoan infections, particularly leishmaniasis.