Dillenia indica and Dillenia Pentagyna: A Deep Focus on Pharmacognostic and Pharmacological Perspectives

Abstract

Plants from the Dilleniaceae family, Dillenia indica Linn. and Dillenia pentagyna Roxb., are frequently referred to as "Karmal" and "Mota Karmal," respectively. These plants are found in several Asian nations, including South India and the Himalayas in India. Fruit, leaves, and bark are the two species' main morphologically distinguishing characteristics. Different components of these plants have historically been used to treat ailments including cancer, diabetes, diarrhoea, bone fractures, cuts, burns, stomach discomfort, and others. According to phytochemical studies, these plants have active ingredients including betulin, betulinic acid, dillenetin, diploic acid, myricetin, and derivatives of quercetin, among others. Many flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, phenolics, saponins, and fixed oils have been found in various prepared extracts of these plants and their parts, and these compounds may have a variety of pharmacological effects, including those that are anticancer, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and more. The current study takes a look at species’ medicinal value and pharmacognostic descriptions as well as phytochemical research.