From Mud House to Aluminum City: The Emergence of Modern Architecture in Nigeria

Abstract

Classification of Nigerian architecture can be drawn from the two basic climatic regions of Northern and Southern Nigeria as evidenced by the distinct traditional architecture of the regions. This study focuses on the period which spans from pre-colonial to the present era, portraying the genealogy of evolutional trends in Nigerian architecture. The Nigerian indigenous architecture was influenced in general terms by Islamic religion established in Northern Nigeria, the settlement of returnee freed slaves from the North and South America, (notably Brasil) and most especially, the colonization by the British. Historically, architectural trends of different styles emerged. They include; the European trend that led to the Colonial Style, the Brazilian Trend that led to the Brazilian Style and the North African Trends that led to Sudanese Style of architecture as influenced by Islam. Attempts made to blend these emerging trends with the existing traditional architecture gave rise to what is known as Vernacular Architecture. The study therefore made an overview of architectural trends in Nigeria, with reference to traditional and cultural heritage to modernization. Designs in architecture reflect the lifestyle of the people and represent the symbols of identity as well as technological advancement of the nation. The study identified that contemporary Nigerian architecture is dominated by the International Style. The demerits of this new trend are; its foreign outlook, its sustainability in the tropics and the inadequacy of technological advancement to run and maintain the buildings. Sustainable architecture that adapts to climate, local material, culture and regional identity was proposed.